AFCAT 2 2026: Air Force Common Admission Test Exam Pattern, Syllabus and Preparation

As of 8 June 2026, the AFCAT 2 2026 notification date, exam schedule, and vacancy count have not been confirmed here. Every date and number on this page is last-cycle-based or candidate-reported; verify on the official AFCAT portal at afcat.cdac.in and the IAF careers website, which are the binding sources. AFCAT is the route to a commissioned officer career in the Indian Air Force across Flying, Technical, and Ground Duty Non-Technical branches.

This guide covers the AFCAT exam structure, detailed syllabus, EKT, eligibility, the AFSB selection process, and a preparation plan.

AFCAT 2 2026 Status and Source Discipline

AFCAT is conducted twice a year: AFCAT 1 (February notification, around February exam) and AFCAT 2 (August notification, around August exam). The structure is stable; the specific notification date, vacancy count, and eligibility are in the official AFCAT notification on afcat.cdac.in.

AFCAT Exam Pattern (Last-Cycle Basis)

AFCAT Written Test

Section distribution (last-cycle basis, confirm in notice):

Total: 100 questions, 300 marks. The Reasoning and Military Aptitude section carries the highest weight. Confirm the current section distribution in the official notification.

EKT (Engineering Knowledge Test)

Mandatory for Technical Branch and Flying Branch candidates with an engineering degree:

EKT subjects available:

• Mechanical Engineering
• Computer Science Engineering
• Electrical and Electronics Engineering

EKT tests engineering fundamentals at graduation level within the chosen discipline. A candidate in Computer Science will answer EKT questions on algorithms, data structures, operating systems, digital electronics, and software engineering.

Eligibility Table (Verify in the 2026 Notice)

All percentages and age ranges are last-cycle-basis; confirm exact requirements in the current AFCAT 2 notification.

Syllabus: Section-by-Section Breakdown

General Awareness (25 questions, 75 marks)

This section tests broad knowledge across multiple domains:

Indian Air Force and Defence:

• History of the Indian Air Force: formation (1932 as Royal Indian Air Force, independent India's IAF from 1947), major conflicts (1947-48 Kashmir, 1962 Sino-Indian, 1965 and 1971 Indo-Pakistan wars, Kargil 1999), key operations (Operation Meghdoot securing Siachen, Operation Cactus in Maldives 1988)
• IAF aircraft: current fleet knowledge (Tejas LCA, Rafale, Su-30 MKI, Mirage 2000, MiG-29, C-130J Super Hercules, Apache AH-64, Chinook CH-47); understanding basic categorisation (fighter, transport, helicopter, trainer)
• Ranks and insignia: IAF officer ranks from Flying Officer to Air Chief Marshal; non-commissioned ranks
• IAF bases: major air bases across India (Hindon, Bamrauli, Srinagar, Tezpur, Thanjavur, Sulur, Jodhpur, Bhuj)
• Major aviation awards: Param Vir Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra, Vir Chakra (some awarded to IAF officers)
• Gallantry and Unit citations: Param Vishisht Seva Medal, Vayu Sena Medal

Current Affairs:

• Last 12 months of national and international events
• India's defence acquisitions and indigenisation (Atmanirbhar Bharat in defence context)
• Recent IAF operations and exercises (bilateral exercises with foreign air forces)
• Major international events: G20, BRICS, UN resolutions
• Science and space: ISRO missions, India's space programme milestones

General Science:

• Physics: mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, optics, nuclear basics
• Chemistry: periodic table, chemical reactions, materials
• Biology: basic human physiology, diseases, environment

History and Geography:

• Indian history: ancient, medieval, modern at competitive exam level
• Indian geography: physical features, rivers, climate, economic geography
• World geography: important countries, capitals, physical features

Verbal Ability in English (25 questions, 75 marks)

• Vocabulary: synonyms, antonyms, one-word substitution, idioms and phrases
• Fill in the Blanks (grammar and vocabulary): articles, prepositions, subject-verb agreement, tense
• Reading Comprehension: unseen passages (1 to 2 passages) with inference and detail questions
• Error Spotting: identifying grammatical errors in sentences
• Sentence Improvement: choosing the best word or phrase to correct or improve a sentence
• Sentence Rearrangement (Jumbled Sentences): arranging 4 to 6 sentences in the correct logical order
• Analogies (verbal): word pair relationship questions

Numerical Ability (18 questions, 54 marks)

• Number system: simplification, decimals, fractions, percentage
• Averages: simple average, weighted average
• Ratio and proportion
• Profit and Loss: mark-up, discount, successive discount
• Simple and Compound Interest
• Time and Distance: trains, relative speed, circular motion
• Time and Work: combined work, pipes and cisterns
• Mixtures and Alligation
• Data Interpretation: tables, bar graphs, line graphs, pie charts (1 to 2 sets of 3 to 4 questions)

AFCAT Numerical Ability is at a moderate difficulty level; it requires speed and accuracy more than advanced mathematics. The 18 questions need to be completed in approximately 20 minutes.

Reasoning and Military Aptitude (32 questions, 96 marks)

This is the highest-weight section in AFCAT. It covers:

Verbal Reasoning:

• Analogies (verbal and figural)
• Classification (odd one out)
• Series completion (number, letter, mixed)
• Coding and decoding
• Blood relations
• Direction and distance
• Statement and conclusion
• Syllogisms

Spatial Ability:

• Embedded figures
• Figure rotation and assembly
• Mirror and water images
• Paper folding and cutting (paper patterns)
• Cube and dice problems
• Spatial orientation (3D to 2D conversion and vice versa)

Spatial ability is tested more heavily in AFCAT than in most civilian competitive exams because pilot aptitude has a strong spatial reasoning component.

Military Aptitude:

• Pattern recognition from defence-related visual problems
• Situational judgment questions with military scenario context (basic; tests common sense rather than military knowledge)

Stage-Wise Selection Process

1. AFCAT Written Test (and EKT if applicable): Shortlisting based on written test score. Candidates above the cycle-specific cutoff are shortlisted for AFSB.
2. AFSB (Air Force Selection Board) Interview: A 5-day process at one of the AFSBs:
   • Day 1 (Stage 1): OIR (Officer Intelligence Rating) test + PPDT (Picture Perception and Discussion Test). Stage 1 screened-out candidates are sent back.
   • Days 2 to 4 (Stage 2): Psychological tests, Group Discussions, Group Planning Exercise (GPE), Progressive Group Tasks (PGT), Snake Race, Command Task, Individual Obstacles, Final Group Task, Personal Interview
   • Day 5: Conference (final merit review by board members)
3. Medical Examination: Candidates recommended by AFSB undergo medical at a designated Medical Board. Flying Branch has strict medical standards; Non-Technical branches have less stringent criteria.
4. Merit List and Provisional Selection: Based on AFCAT written score + AFSB recommendation + medical fitness.
5. Training: Pre-Commissioned Training at AFA (Air Force Academy) Dundigal, Hyderabad for Flying Branch; ATIT Hyderabad or other training establishments for Technical and Non-Technical.

Preparation Strategy

Phase 1: Reasoning and Spatial Ability (Months 1 and 2)

Reasoning carries 96 marks (32 percent of the paper) and spatial ability is particularly important for pilots. Buy a AFCAT-specific reasoning and spatial ability book; generic SSC reasoning books have insufficient spatial questions. Practise spatial figures daily: embedded figures, mirror images, figure rotation.

Military Aptitude questions are common-sense based; practise 10 questions per session, but do not over-invest time here.

Phase 2: General Awareness with IAF Focus (Month 2)

Study IAF history, aircraft names, major operations, and ranks. AFCAT GK section specifically tests IAF and defence knowledge more than UPSC or SSC would. Use the IAF official website (iaf.nic.in) for accurate information on current aircraft and operations.

Current affairs for 12 months: use a monthly current affairs magazine or digest. Focus on defence, space, science, and economy.

Phase 3: English Verbal Ability (Months 2 and 3)

Build vocabulary through word lists and synonym-antonym practice. Reading Comprehension at AFCAT level requires moderate reading speed. Practise 3 to 4 RC passages per week at Class 12 to graduation-level difficulty.

Error spotting and sentence improvement are mechanical; study the most common grammar error types (subject-verb agreement, tense sequence, preposition errors) and practise 20 questions per session.

Phase 4: Numerical Ability (Month 3)

AFCAT Numerical Ability is application-based, not deep theory. Practise time and work, profit and loss, ratio, and DI intensively. Complete 18 Numerical Ability questions in 20 minutes is the speed target.

Phase 5: AFSB Preparation (From Month 3 Onward)

AFSB preparation is distinct from written exam preparation:

• OIR: practise figure matrices and number series intensively
• PPDT: practise writing a short story about an image in 4 minutes with protagonist, plot, and resolution
• GD and GPE: practise structured group discussion, assertive communication, and planning under time pressure
• Personal Interview: prepare a DAF (Detailed Application Form)-based interview covering education, family, hobbies, current affairs, and motivation for IAF

Sample Questions with Answers

Q1. Which was the first indigenously developed Light Combat Aircraft of the Indian Air Force? Tejas (HAL Tejas LCA). Developed by HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited) with DRDO support, Tejas entered operational service with IAF (No. 45 Squadron Flying Daggers). It is produced in limited series; a more capable Tejas Mark 2 is under development. Confirm current induction status on official HAL and IAF sources.

Q2. In reasoning, if ABCD is coded as EFGH, what is the code for MNOP? QRST. The pattern is a shift of 4 positions forward in the alphabet (A+4=E, B+4=F, etc.). Applying the same logic: M+4=Q, N+4=R, O+4=S, P+4=T.

Q3. Operation Meghdoot is associated with which geographical area? Siachen Glacier, Ladakh. Operation Meghdoot (April 1984) was an Indian Army operation (with IAF support for air-lift and air-supply) to secure the Siachen Glacier before Pakistan could establish positions there. It resulted in India controlling the Saltoro Ridge and the Siachen Glacier, the world's highest militarised zone.

Internal Links

For related defence exam guides, see the AFCAT Papers 2026 guide, the NDA Papers 2026 guide, and the Agniveer Air Force 2026 guide on PapersAdda. For the 2026 government exams calendar, see PapersAdda.