Logical Reasoning Questions FOR Placement

Meta Description: Master Logical Reasoning for campus placements with 20 solved questions on syllogism, seating arrangement, puzzles, and more. Essential for TCS, Infosys, Wipro, and all major companies.

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Introduction

Logical Reasoning is a critical component of aptitude tests for campus placements. Companies like TCS, Infosys, Wipro, Cognizant, Accenture, and Amazon use logical reasoning questions to assess candidates' analytical thinking, problem-solving abilities, and decision-making skills.

This section is important because:

• High Weightage: 10-15 questions in most aptitude tests
• No Formulas Required: Tests pure logical thinking
• Time Management: Requires quick pattern recognition
• Interview Relevance: Demonstrates structured thinking approach

At PapersAdda, we've analyzed placement patterns to bring you the most comprehensive guide with 20 practice questions covering all major logical reasoning types.

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Types of Logical Reasoning Questions

1. Syllogism
2. Seating Arrangement
3. Blood Relations
4. Direction Sense
5. Puzzles
6. Logical Deduction
7. Statement-Conclusion

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20 Practice Questions with Detailed Solutions

Question 1 (Syllogism)

Statements:

1. All cats are dogs.
2. Some dogs are tigers. Conclusions: I. Some cats are tigers. II. Some tigers are cats.

Solution: From statement 1: All cats are dogs. From statement 2: Some dogs are tigers. This means some dogs (which include all cats) are tigers. But we cannot conclude that some cats are tigers because "some dogs" may not include any cats.

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Question 2 (Seating Arrangement)

Six friends A, B, C, D, E, and F are sitting in a circle facing the center. A is between D and F. C is between B and E. B is to the immediate right of D. Who is to the immediate left of C?

Solution: Let's arrange step by step:

1. Draw a circle with 6 positions.
2. B is to immediate right of D.
3. A is between D and F, so F must be to left of D.
4. So order: F - D - B (clockwise)
5. C is between B and E, so E must be to left of B.
6. So order: F - D - B - E - C - A - F (completing circle) Immediate left of C is A.

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Question 3 (Blood Relations)

Pointing to a photograph, a man said, "She is the daughter of my mother's only son." How is the man related to the person in the photograph?

Solution: "My mother's only son" = the man himself. "She is the daughter of my mother's only son" = She is the daughter of the man. So the man is the father of the person in the photograph.

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Question 4 (Direction Sense)

A man walks 5 km towards East, then turns right and walks 3 km, then turns right again and walks 5 km. In which direction is he from his starting point?

Solution:

1. Start at point O, walk 5 km East to A.
2. Turn right (South), walk 3 km to B.
3. Turn right (West), walk 5 km to C. Now C is 3 km South of starting point O.

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Question 5 (Puzzle)

In a row of 40 students, Rohan is 15th from the left end and Sohan is 20th from the right end. How many students are between them?

Solution: Rohan's position from left = 15 Sohan's position from right = 20, so from left = 40 - 20 + 1 = 21 Students between them = 21 - 15 - 1 = 5

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Question 6 (Logical Deduction)

Statements:

1. Some pens are pencils.
2. All pencils are erasers.
3. No eraser is a sharpener. Conclusions: I. Some pens are erasers. II. No pencil is a sharpener.

Solution: From 1 and 2: Some pens are pencils and all pencils are erasers, so some pens are erasers. Conclusion I follows. From 2 and 3: All pencils are erasers and no eraser is sharpener, so no pencil is sharpener. Conclusion II follows.

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Question 7 (Coding-Decoding)

If 'CAT' is coded as '3120', 'DOG' is coded as '4157', then how is 'RAT' coded? (A=1, B=2, ... Z=26)

Solution: CAT: C=3, A=1, T=20 → 3120 DOG: D=4, O=15, G=7 → 4157 RAT: R=18, A=1, T=20 → 18120

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Question 8 (Number Series)

Find the next number: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, ?

Solution: Pattern: Prime numbers Next prime after 13 is 17.

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Question 9 (Calendar)

If 5th March 2023 is Sunday, what day is 5th April 2023?

Solution: March has 31 days. From 5th March to 5th April = 31 days (5th March to 5th April includes 31 days) 31 days = 4 weeks + 3 days Sunday + 3 days = Wednesday

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Question 10 (Clock)

At what time between 4 and 5 will the hands of a clock be at right angles?

Solution: Formula: (5H ± 15) × 12/11 minutes past H Here H=4: (5×4 ± 15) × 12/11 (20 + 15) × 12/11 = 35 × 12/11 = 420/11 = 38.18 minutes (20 - 15) × 12/11 = 5 × 12/11 = 60/11 = 5.45 minutes

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Question 11 (Syllogism)

Statements:

1. All roses are flowers.
2. Some flowers are red. Conclusions: I. Some roses are red. II. All red things are flowers.

Solution: From statements, we know all roses are flowers and some flowers are red. But "some flowers" may not include any roses. So conclusion I doesn't follow. Conclusion II is definitely false.

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Question 12 (Seating Arrangement)

Five friends P, Q, R, S, T are sitting in a row facing North. P is to immediate right of Q. S is to immediate left of T. R is between Q and S. Who is at the extreme left?

Solution: Arrangement: T - S - R - Q - P (from left to right) Extreme left is T.

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Question 13 (Blood Relations)

A is B's sister. C is B's mother. D is C's father. E is D's mother. How is A related to D?

Solution: A is B's sister. C is B's mother, so C is A's mother. D is C's father, so D is A's grandfather.

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Question 14 (Direction Sense)

A man faces North. He turns 45° clockwise, then 180° anti-clockwise, then 90° clockwise. Which direction is he facing now?

Solution: Start: North (0°) 45° clockwise: North-East (45°) 180° anti-clockwise: 45° - 180° = -135° = South-West (225° from North) 90° clockwise: 225° + 90° = 315° = North-West

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Question 15 (Puzzle)

In a class of 50 students, 30 play cricket, 25 play football, and 10 play both. How many play neither?

Solution: Using set formula: n(C∪F) = n(C) + n(F) - n(C∩F) = 30 + 25 - 10 = 45 Neither = Total - n(C∪F) = 50 - 45 = 5

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Question 16 (Logical Deduction)

Statements:

1. All engineers are smart.
2. Some smart people are rich. Conclusions: I. Some engineers are rich. II. All rich people are smart.

Solution: From statements: All engineers are smart, some smart are rich. But "some smart" may not include any engineers. So conclusion I doesn't follow. Conclusion II is not necessarily true.

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Question 17 (Coding-Decoding)

If 'WORK' is coded as '4-12-9-16', 'HARD' is coded as '8-1-18-4', then how is 'EASY' coded? (A=1, B=2, ...)

Solution: WORK: W=23, O=15, R=18, K=11 → Not matching given code Let's check pattern: W(23) → 4 (23-19?), not clear Given: WORK = 4-12-9-16 W(23) → 4 (23-19=4) O(15) → 12 (15-3=12) R(18) → 9 (18-9=9) K(11) → 16 (11+5=16) - inconsistent

Let me try another approach: Maybe positions reversed? Actually, looking at HARD: H=8, A=1, R=18, D=4 matches exactly! So code is just letter positions. EASY: E=5, A=1, S=19, Y=25

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Question 18 (Number Series)

Find the next number: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ?

Solution: Fibonacci series: Each number is sum of previous two. Next: 8 + 13 = 21

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Question 19 (Calendar)

What was the day on 15th August 1947?

Solution: We know 15th August 1947 was Friday (Independence Day).

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Question 20 (Clock)

How many times do the hands of a clock coincide in a day?

Solution: The hands coincide 11 times in 12 hours. In 24 hours: 11 × 2 = 22 times.

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Tips & Tricks for Logical Reasoning

1. Syllogism Rules

• All A are B + All B are C → All A are C
• All A are B + Some B are C → No conclusion about A and C
• Some A are B + All B are C → Some A are C

2. Seating Arrangement

• Always draw diagrams
• Use abbreviations
• Note all given conditions before starting

3. Blood Relations

• Draw family tree
• Use symbols: □ for male, ○ for female
• Double-check relationships

4. Direction Sense

• Draw N-S-E-W diagram
• Track turns carefully
• Use coordinates method for complex paths

5. Puzzles

• Make tables for multiple attributes
• Use elimination method
• Start with most definite information

6. Time Management

• Skip difficult questions initially
• Return to them later
• Use elimination for multiple choice

7. Practice Patterns

• Regular practice improves speed
• Learn common question patterns
• Time yourself during practice

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Common Mistakes to Avoid

❌ Mistake 1: Assuming Information

Don't assume information not given in the question.

❌ Mistake 2: Overlooking Keywords

Words like "only", "all", "some" change meaning significantly.

❌ Mistake 3: Drawing Incorrect Diagrams

Double-check your diagrams for seating/direction problems.

❌ Mistake 4: Calculation Errors

In clock/calendar problems, verify your calculations.

❌ Mistake 5: Rushing Through

Read each question carefully before attempting.

❌ Mistake 6: Not Using Options

In MCQs, elimination can save time.

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Conclusion

Logical Reasoning tests your analytical thinking and problem-solving skills. With regular practice, you can improve your speed and accuracy significantly. Remember to:

• Practice different types of questions daily
• Develop a systematic approach for each type
• Manage your time effectively during exams
• Stay calm and think logically

Boost your logical reasoning skills with PapersAdda! Access hundreds of practice questions, full-length mock tests, and company-specific preparation materials for TCS, Infosys, Wipro, Accenture, and more.

[Start practicing logical reasoning at PapersAdda.com today!]

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Keywords: Logical reasoning questions, placement aptitude, syllogism, seating arrangement, blood relations, direction sense, puzzles, TCS placement, campus recruitment